Deep Learning: Understanding and Application of Machine Learning - 2

Understanding and Application of Machine Learning

6월 중순부터 7월 초까지 3주간 진행된 임수종 박사님의 “기계학습의 이해와 응용” 이라는 강연에 참여하여 필자가 수행한 과제의 내용을 공개하고자 한다.

(본 포스팅은 박사님의 동의를 얻고 작성된 글이다.)

두 번째 문제는 다음과 같다.

문제

다음의 코드에서 입력이 2인 XOR 문제를 입력이 2인 NAND 문제로 변경

import numpy as np 

epochs = 3  #Change and see the results
# Layers
inputLayerSize, hiddenLayerSize, outputLayerSize = 2,3,1
#Learning Rate
L = 0.1
#input
X = np.array([[0,0], [0,1], [1,0], [1,1]])
#Output
Y = np.array([[0], [1], [1], [0]])
#Activation 
def sigmoid(x): return 1/(1+ np.exp(-x))
# Derivative 
def sigmoid_(x): return x*(1-x)

hidden_Weights = np.random.uniform(size=(inputLayerSize,hiddenLayerSize))
print('----------------Hidden Layer Weights----------------')
print(hidden_Weights)
print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
Output_Weights = np.random.uniform(size=(hiddenLayerSize,outputLayerSize))
print('----------------Output Layer Weights----------------')
print(Output_Weights)
print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
for i in range(epochs):
	Hidden_result = sigmoid(np.dot(X,hidden_Weights))
	print('----------------Hidden Layer Output----------------')
	print(Hidden_result)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
	Output = np.dot(Hidden_result,Output_Weights) 
	print('----------------Output----------------')
	print(Output)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
	Error = Y - Output
	print('----------------Error----------------')
	print(Error)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
	dZ = Error*L
	print('----------------Change in Error----------------')
	print(dZ)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
	Output_Weights +=  Hidden_result.T.dot(dZ)
	print('----------------Change in Output_Weights----------------')
	print(Output_Weights)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')

	dHidden_result = dZ.dot(Output_Weights.T) * sigmoid_(Hidden_result)
	print('----------------Change in Hidden result----------------')
	print(dHidden_result)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
	hidden_Weights +=  X.T.dot(dHidden_result)
	print('----------------Change in Hidden Weights----------------')
	print(hidden_Weights)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')

print(Output)

풀이

위 문제는 단순하게 Y label 값만 변경해주면 된다.

import numpy as np 

epochs = 3  #Change and see the results
# Layers
inputLayerSize, hiddenLayerSize, outputLayerSize = 2,3,1
#Learning Rate
L = 0.1
#input
X = np.array([[0,0], [0,1], [1,0], [1,1]])
#Output
Y = np.array([[1], [1], [1], [0]])
#Activation 
def sigmoid(x): return 1/(1+ np.exp(-x))
# Derivative 
def sigmoid_(x): return x*(1-x)

hidden_Weights = np.random.uniform(size=(inputLayerSize,hiddenLayerSize))
print('----------------Hidden Layer Weights----------------')
print(hidden_Weights)
print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
Output_Weights = np.random.uniform(size=(hiddenLayerSize,outputLayerSize))
print('----------------Output Layer Weights----------------')
print(Output_Weights)
print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
for i in range(epochs):
	Hidden_result = sigmoid(np.dot(X,hidden_Weights))
	print('----------------Hidden Layer Output----------------')
	print(Hidden_result)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
	Output = np.dot(Hidden_result,Output_Weights) 
	print('----------------Output----------------')
	print(Output)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
	Error = Y - Output
	print('----------------Error----------------')
	print(Error)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
	dZ = Error*L
	print('----------------Change in Error----------------')
	print(dZ)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
	Output_Weights +=  Hidden_result.T.dot(dZ)
	print('----------------Change in Output_Weights----------------')
	print(Output_Weights)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')

	dHidden_result = dZ.dot(Output_Weights.T) * sigmoid_(Hidden_result)
	print('----------------Change in Hidden result----------------')
	print(dHidden_result)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')
	hidden_Weights +=  X.T.dot(dHidden_result)
	print('----------------Change in Hidden Weights----------------')
	print(hidden_Weights)
	print('xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx')

print(Output)